1667 – Birth in Dublin of Jonathan Swift, poet, satirist and clergyman.
1670 – Birth of rationalist philosopher, freethinker and occasional satirist, John Toland, in Inishowen, Co Donegal. He wrote numerous books and pamphlets on political philosophy and philosophy of religion. He also produced some highly controversial polemics, including the Treatise of the Three Impostors, in which Christianity, Judaism and Islam are all condemned as the three great political frauds. The Treatise of the Three Imposters was rumoured to exist in manuscript form since the Middle Ages and excoriated throughout all of Europe. It is now thought that the work did not exist.
1864 – Cork-born Confederate General Patrick Cleburne is killed in command of his division at a battle in Franklin, Tennessee.
1869 – Birth of James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn and first Governor of Northern Ireland.
1900 – Death of playwright, novelist, and poet, Oscar Wilde, in Paris.
1909 – Lloyd George's People's Budget is rejected by the House of Lords, the first money bill to be rejected by Lords in 200 years. The Lords' loss of power to veto subsequent bills comes as good news to the Irish Nationalist Party because a third Home Rule Bill looked likely now that the Liberals are back in power and dependent on their support.
1920 – Two IRA volunteers were killed by British forces in Ardee, Co Louth.
1920 – Attack on Military Lorry on the Bray road at Crinken, Shankill, Co Dublin by IRA men from the Shankill/Bray Coy 6th Battalion Dublin brigade. 1 soldier killed and 3 wounded.
1922 – In reprisal for the executions, Liam Lynch, Anti-Treaty IRA Commander, issues a general order to his forces to kill members of the Dáil (T.D.s) and senators who had voted for the Emergency Powers legislation. He also orders the killing of hostile judges and newspaper editors.
1922 – Three Anti-Treaty IRA prisoners are executed by firing squad in Dublin for possession of arms.
1922 – Anti-Treaty IRA officer Patrick Lynch is killed in a Free State raid on his home in Moyrisk, Co Kerry.
1922 – Two National Army soldiers are killed in an action at Ballinamult, Woodhouse, County Waterford.
1922 – Anti-Treaty fighters ambush Free State troops near Tubbercurry, County Sligo. Two National Army soldiers are killed.
1922 – Members of the South Wexford Brigade IRA (Anti-Treaty) ambush a Lorry near Begerin, Old Ross, carrying Free State soldiers, killing one and wounding seven others.
1922 – In several 'sweep' operations, National Army troops capture over 200 Anti-Treaty fighters (including 8 women) in County Kerry in this month, along with a substantial quantity of arms and explosives.
1930 – Death of Cork-born union organiser and human rights activist, Mary Harris "Mother" Jones.
1933 – Birth of Eamon Campbell of the Dubliners.
1944 – Death of Eoin O'Duffy. He was in succession a Teachta Dála (TD), the Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army, the second Commissioner of the Garda Síochána, leader of the Army Comrades Association and then the first leader of Fine Gael (1933-34), before leading the Irish Brigade to fight for Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War. He once proclaimed himself the "third most important man in Europe" after Adolf Hitler and fellow fascist Benito Mussolini.
1957 – Birth of Thomas McElwee. He was an Irish republican hunger striker and a volunteer in the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).
1957 – Birth of Danny McCann. He was a volunteer in the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who was killed by British Army Special Air Service (SAS) soldiers in Operation Flavius.
1967 – Death of poet and novelist, Patrick Kavanagh, who was born in Inniskeen, Co Monaghan in 1904.
1969 – Birth of Catherina McKiernan, in Cornafean, Co Cavan. She was a highly successful cross-country runner, collecting four world silver medals and a gold at the European Cross Country Championships during her career. She won the Belfast International Cross Country twice consecutively in 1992 and 1993, became the 1994 Eurocross champion, and was also a two-time winner of Cross Internacional de Itálica (one of Spain's most prestigious meetings).
1970 – Birth of Phil Babb, Irish soccer international.
1971 – The government of the Republic of Ireland stated that it would take the allegations of brutality against the security forces in Northern Ireland to the European Court of Human Rights.
1974 – The IRA carried out a bomb attack on the Talbot Arms public house in Little Chester Street, Belgravia, London. Two small bombs, each with a short fuse, were thrown at the window of the pub. One bomb went through the window but failed to explode, the second rebounded off the window frame and landed in the street but the explosion injured five customers inside the pub.
1978 – The IRA carried out a number of bomb and fire-bomb attacks in 14 towns and villages across Northern Ireland. The IRA issued a statement admitting the attacks and warning that it was preparing for a 'long war'.
1982 – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, James Prior, addressed the Northern Ireland Assembly and announced that the strength of the RUC would be increased by 500 officers and the RUC Reserve by 300.
1990 – Additional British Army troops are flown into Northern Ireland.
1995 – President of the United States, Bill Clinton, visited Northern Ireland. He was the first serving President of the USA to visit the region. (Clinton made further visits to Northern Ireland in September 1998 and December 2000.) Clinton, accompanied by First Lady Hillary Clinton, visited east Belfast, west Belfast, Derry, and then returned to Belfast to switch on the Christmas lights. He received a generally enthusiastic and warm reception. He made a key-note speech at Mackie's engineering factory in west Belfast. Clinton said: "… the search for common ground demands the courage of an open mind. This twin-track initiative gives the parties a chance to begin preliminary talks in ways in which all views will be represented and all voices will be heard. It also establishes an international body to address the issue of arms decommissioning. I hope the parties will seize this opportunity." Later in the day Clinton held talks with the leaders of the five main political parties in Northern Ireland. Hillary Clinton held an informal meeting with female community representatives in the Lamplighter cafe in Belfast.
1995 – The European Court of Justice ruled that aspects of the Prevention of Terrorism Act contravened European Union law by impinging on the freedom of movement guaranteed by the Treaty of Rome.
1996 – There was serious violence during the loyalist picket of the Catholic church at Harryville, Ballymena. Approximately 500 loyalists attacked the RUC and those trying to attend mass. Petrol bombs were thrown, cars damaged, and two Catholic women needed hospital treatment.
1996 – David O'Mahony from Firhouse, Dublin, made a huge name for himself as the most controversial comedian of his day – Dave Allen. Politicians and the church were his main targets and his risqué routines included a sketch where the Pope and his cardinals did a musical striptease on the steps of St Peter's. In 1977, RTÉ banned him outright. On this date, he was awarded a lifetime achievement award. Allen put his love of church baiting down to his strict Catholic education (being belted by nuns).
1996 – Republican Sinn Féin held an Ard Fheis in Dublin. The conference was critical of the peace process but supported the aims of the Continuity Irish Republican Army.
1999 – The House of Lords and the House of Commons both approved a devolution order under the Northern Ireland Act 1998 that allowed for the transfer of power from Westminster to the Assembly at Stormont. This allowed for the ending the system of 'Direct Rule' that had been installed in 1972.
2000 – Tributes are paid in the Supreme Court to former Chief Justice, Mr Justice Liam Hamilton, who passes on in the early morning hours on this date.
2000 – With forecasters saying rainfalls in September, October and November are the highest in living memory, severe storms again lash the country. Munster and South Leinster get the worst of the weather as gales of up to 80 mph batter parts of Cork, Tipperary, Carlow, Kilkenny and Wexford.
Image | Dunquin Pier, Co Kerry | Barbara Walsh Photography
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